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The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict between India and Pakistan which started just after partition of India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Q&A: Kashmir dispute )〕 India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir, including the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947, 1965 and 1999. Furthermore, since 1984 the two countries have also been involved in several skirmishes over control of the Siachen Glacier. India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and , administers approximately 43% of the region, including most of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, Ladakh, and the Siachen Glacier. India's claims are contested by Pakistan, which administers approximately 37% of Kashmir, namely Azad Kashmir and the northern areas of Gilgit-Baltistan. The root of conflict between the Kashmiri insurgents and the Indian Government is tied to a dispute over local autonomy.〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Conflict Summary, Conflict name: India: Kashmir, "Roots of Conflict and the emergence of Kashmir Insurgents, viewed 2013-05-29, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=74®ionSelect=6-Central_and_Southern_Asia#〕 Democratic development was limited in Kashmir until the late 1970s and by 1988 many of the democratic reforms provided by the Indian Government had been reversed. Non-violent channels for expressing discontent were thereafter limited and caused a dramatic increase in support for insurgents advocating violent secession from India.〔 In 1987, a disputed state election〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Elections in Kashmir )〕 created a catalyst for the insurgency when it resulted in some of the state's legislative assembly members forming armed insurgent groups.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kashmir: A History Littered With Rigged Elections (by Mushtaq A. Jeelani) – Media Monitors Network )〕 In July 1988 a series of demonstrations, strikes and attacks on the Indian Government began the Kashmir Insurgency. In 2015 Pakistan’s outgoing National Security Advisor Sartaj Aziz has said that Pakistan wish to have third party mediation on Kashmir, but we have not demanded it from the United States.〔 Aziz said “Under Shimla Accord it was decided that India and Pakistan would resolve their disputes bilaterally,” Aziz said. “Such bilateral talks have not yielded any results for the last 40 years. So then what is the solution?” Although thousands of people have died as a result of the turmoil in Jammu and Kashmir, the conflict has become less deadly in recent years. Protest movements created to voice Kashmir's disputes and grievances with the Indian government, specifically the Indian Military, have been active in Indian Administered Kashmir since 1989.〔〔 Elections held in 2008 were generally regarded as fair by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and had a high voter turnout in spite of calls by separatist militants for a boycott. The election resulted in the creation of the pro-India Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, which then formed a government in the state. According to Voice of America, many analysts have interpreted the high voter turnout in this election as a sign that the people of Kashmir endorsed Indian rule in the state. But in 2010 unrest erupted after alleged fake encounter of local youth by security force.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2010 Kashmir Unrest - A recollection of what happened - The Vox Kashmir )〕 Thousands of youths pelted security forces with rocks, burned government offices and attacked railway stations and official vehicles in steadily intensifying violence. The Indian government blamed separatists and Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based militant group for stoking the 2010 protests. However, elections held in 2014 saw highest voters turnout in 25 years of history in Jammu and Kashmir.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jammu and Kashmir registers highest voter turnout in 25 years, Jharkhand breaks records )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=J&K polls: 76 per cent voter turnout recorded in the final phase )〕 According to Amnesty International, as of June 2015 no member of the security forces deployed in Jammu and Kashmir has been tried for human rights violations in a civilian court. In October 2015 Jammu and Kashmir High Court said that article 370 is "permanent" and Jammu & Kashmir did not merge with India the way other princely states merged but retained special status and limited sovereignty under Indian constitution. According to the Pakistani newspaper Daily Pakistan, the High Court has ruled that "State has never been part of India."〔http://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/headline/jammu-kashmir-not-part-of-india-srinagar-high-court-rules/〕 ==Timeline== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kashmir conflict」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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